The Endocrine System
The endocrine system is made up of different glands that secrete hormones throughout the entire body. These hormones go to different body parts depending on what gland they are traveling from. The hormones are released into the blood stream, tissues, and organs. Different glands have different hormones. The glands that are included in this system include: adrenal, hypothalamus, ovaries and testicles, pancreas, parathyroid, pineal, pituitary, thymus, and the thyroid gland.
Adrenal Gland:
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The adrenal glands are located on both of the kidneys. They are responsible for secreting hormones that influence the body's metabolism, blood chemicals, and characteristics of the body. They also influence the part of the nervous system that is in control of the response and defense and against stress.
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Hypothalamus Gland:
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The hypothalamus gland, located in the center of the brain, is in control of and activates the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary body functions, the hormonal system, and several regular body functions (sleep, appetite).
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Ovaries:
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Located in females, secretes hormones that influence female characteristics, respectively.
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Testes:
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Located in males, secretes hormones that influence male characteristics, respectively.
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Pancreas:
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The pancreas, located between the kidneys, secretes the hormone insulin that controls the use of glucose by the body.
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Parathyroid Gland:
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The parathyroid gland, located in the neck, secretes a hormone that maintains the calcium level in the blood.
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Pineal Gland:
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The pineal gland helps with daily biological cycles and is located the center of the brain.
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Pituitary Gland:
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The pituitary gland, also located in the brain, produces several different hormones that help influence other glands in the system.
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Thymus Gland:
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The thymus gland, located in the center of the chest, helps the body's immune system.
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Thyroid Gland:
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the thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones that stimulate body heat, bone growth, and the body's metabolism. Some people who have thyroid issues can be either underweight or overweight.
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Diseases
Addison's DiseaseIn the adrenal gland. it causes a bronze skin pigment, hypoglycemia, profound fatigue, dehydration, and weakness. It can be caused by cancer covering the adrenal gland which makes the gland unable to send out signals. The final result is the kidney shutting down.
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CushingsLocated in the adrenal glands, Cushings is an adrenal surplus. It causes excessive body fat, osteoporosis, skin ulcers, adrenal tumors, and thin, wrinkled skin.
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Diabetes InsipidusDiabetes Insipidus is an anti diuretic hormone. It causes polyuria and dehydration. It happens when the nutrients in the body is not held long enough to be used. The nutrients is passed quickly. It can be caused by tumors or even trauma.
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Diabetes MellitusThis form of diabetes is the 5th leading cause of death in the United States. Diabetes Mellitus has two types. In both conditions, the pancreas does no create enough insulin or, if it does create the right amount of insulin, the body does not use it properly. This could be caused by a patient who is either getting too much or too little sugar. It causes dry mouth and polyuria.
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HyperthyroidismHyperthyroidism is the condition in which a persons eyes bulge out of the skull. It is an enlarged thyroid gland. It can cause weight loss and tachycardia. This condition is when the thyroid gland secretes too much hormone.
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HypothyroidismHypothyroidism is the intolerance to cold. It occurs when the thyroid gland does not secret enough hormone. Symptoms include: hair loss, dull expressions, facial edema, and menstrual disturbances.
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AcromegalyAcromegaly is a hormonal disorder in the pituitary gland. It is the abnormal growth in bones during adulthood, though it can happen in children. Acromegaly typically goes unnoticed because it is very uncommon and the body goes through several changes which makes it difficult to detect. It needs to be treated right away to reduce life threatening symptoms.
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Simple GoiterA goiter is when the thyroid gland continues to grow larger than the average size. In severe cases, it becomes very noticeable. The most common cause of a goiter is the lack of iodine in ones diet. Treatment depends on the size of the goiter. Some goiters are small and go unnoticed while others a large and cause harmful complications, later causing the patient to have surgery.
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DwarfismDwarfism is typically classified as an adult with the height of 4'10". It is a genetically altered disordered. It is not always genetic. Dwarfism can be detected after birth.
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Citation
http://www.ama-assn.org//ama/pub/physician-resources/patient-education-materials/atlas-of-human-body/endocrine-system.page
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/goiter/DS00217
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/acromegaly/DS00478/METHOD=print&DSECTION=all
Other information from: the Pathophysiology Made Incredibly Easy book
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/goiter/DS00217
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/acromegaly/DS00478/METHOD=print&DSECTION=all
Other information from: the Pathophysiology Made Incredibly Easy book